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Florence Trevelyan (born February 7, 1852, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and baptised at St. Andrew's Church, Hartburn;〔Parish records of St. Andrew's Church, Hartburn, Northumberland〕 died October 4, 1907, Taormina, Sicily) was an Italian gardener and pioneering conservationist. == Biography == A member of the well-known Northumberland family, Florence Trevelyan was the only surviving daughter of Edward Spencer Trevelyan and Catherine Ann Forster and granddaughter of Sir John Trevelyan (5th Baronet)〔""A Very British Family: The Trevelyans and Their World"", Laura Trevelyan. ISBN 978-1- 86064-946-2〕〔http://www.thepeerage.com〕 of Wallington Hall, Northumberland and his wife, Maria Wilson.〔Parish records of St. Andrew's Church, Hartburn, Northumberland.〕 Her father committed suicide when Florence was aged two〔Death Certificate of Edward Spencer Trevelyan.(1854 Q3 Morpeth 200)〕 and her mother subsequently moved the family to Hallington Demesne, Northumberland, where Florence and her mother appear to have taken a keen interest in establishing the ““pleasure gardens”” there.〔Will of Catherine Ann Trevelyan (Probate Newcastle-upon-Tyne, December, 1877)〕 After Florence's mother's death in November 1877, she, together with a cousin, Harriet Perceval,〔Daughter of Florence's aunt, Beatrice Trevelyan and Ernest Perceval〕 toured Europe for approximately two years〔Will of Florence Trevelyan Cacciola Trevelyan refers to a book of letters dated 1881 -1883, written from abroad to her father's cousin SirCharles Edward Trevelyan, who had inherited the Wallington Estate〕 before eventually settling in Sicily, never returning to England. She bought Isola Bella, a rocky outcrop only attached to the mainland by a narrow sandy path off the coast below Taormina, built a house and established a garden there. In among the native Mediterranean plants, she planted non-native trees, rare shrubs and grasses. It became the home of various sea birds and some interesting lizards. After Florence's death Isola Bella stayed in private hands until 1990 when it was taken over by the Regional Government of Sicily who designated it a Nature Reserve. It is maintained under the auspices of the World Wide Fund for Nature. In 1890 she married Doctor Salvatore Cacciola, a well-known resident of Taormina and for many years its mayor,〔''Newcastle Courant'' newspaper, August 2, 1890〕 and moved into the town. There she acquired several parcels of land on the steep hillside below the via Bagnoli Croce and embarked on the creation of another garden, calling it “Hallington Siculo” (Sicilian Hallington). This was a private, shaded, pleasure garden from which there are views of both the sea and Mt. Etna. Again she imported non-native plants, but the garden is most noteworthy for the extraordinary buildings constructed from different kinds of stone, cloth, brick, pipes and other architectural salvage.The area was given to Taormina after Florence's death and is now part of a much larger municipal park.〔The Colonna Park and Municipal Gardens; additional land was given to the town by Dr. Cacciola〕 This unique garden is the second biggest tourist attraction in Taormina after the Greek Theatre and, together with Isola Bella, receives thousands of visitors a year. Her contribution to the life and economy of Taormina has been recognised in books and film.〔Giacoma Gandolfa, ''Lady Florence Trevelyan, una nobildonna inglesi dell'Ottocento e la sua incantevole seconda patria Taormina'', 2013; Cinzia Aloisi,'' Florence Trevelyan '', 2013; film, ''Florence the Lady of Flores'', directed by Giacoma Gandolfa, 59th Taormina Film Festival, 2023〕 She was a pioneer of bird habitat conservation in Italy for the benefit of ornithology rather than for shooting opportunities. LIPU (Lega Italiana Protezione Ucelli ) (Italian League for the Protection of Birds) was not founded until 1965. All the real estate bequests in her Will contain the proviso that the legatee should not ''cut down trees, cultivate land or build houses'' in any portion of lands she owned in England or in Sicily. She also imposed on those who inherited Hallington Siculo and Isola Bella the ''obligation of not killing any wild bird or young bird which may be found . . . but cats, rabbits, ravens and falcons must be shot as they are destructive to the little birds and trees''. Also ''all animals and birds, viz. dogs, goats, parrots, peacocks, pigeons, doves, canaries and all other birds of whatever description shall be maintained in health and comfort, with all care and affection, as they have been kept in my lifetime, and that they shall not suffer in any respect.''〔Will of Florence Trevelyan Cacciola Trevelyan, pp. 17, 23 (in the English translation)〕 Florence left her property firstly to her husband and then, after his death, to Robert Calverley Trevelyan who is known to have visited her in Taormina.〔Julian Trevelyan, "Picture Language by Philip Trevelyan"〕 After his death it passed to his brother George Macaulay Trevelyan. As she requested in her Will, Florence was buried near the village of Castelmola above Taormina. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Florence Trevelyan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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